The Trafficking Protocol defines human trafficking as:
(a) [...] the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. EXPLOITATION SHALL INCLUDE, at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation,forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal, manipulation or implantation of organs;
(b) The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation set forth in sub-paragraph (a) of this article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used; (c) The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered "trafficking in persons" even if this does not involve any of the means set forth in sub-paragraph (a) of this article;
(d) "Child" shall mean any person under eighteen years of age.
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Facts & Information
An estimated 40.3 million people are in modern slavery, including 24.9 million in forced labor and 15.4 million in forced marriage.
1 in 4 victims of modern slavery are children.
Out of the 24.9 million people trapped in forced labour,16 million people are exploited in the private sector such as domestic work, construction or agriculture; 4.8 million persons in forced sexual exploitation, and 4 million persons in forced labour imposed by state authorities.
Women and girls are disproportionately affected by forced labour, accounting for 99% of victims in the commercial sex industry, and 58% in other sectors - International Labor Organization
United States: Traffickers prey upon children in the foster care system. A large number of victims of child sex trafficking were at one time in the foster care system."
United Kingdom (UK): Gangs force British children to carry drugs.
Brazil: Under the guise of religious mandates, traffickers exploit Brazilian victims in forced labor (farms, factories, restaurants) after victims join certain churches/religious cults.
Yemen: Ongoing conflict has led to many human rights violations, with many parties using child soldiers.
India: Forced labor- In granite quarries, owners offer loans with exorbitant interest rates, trapping workers in debt bondage—in some cases for their entire lives. Trafficking In Persons Report, June 2019
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